Resumen En la actualidad, la productividad es una herramienta esencial en las organizaciones, la cual se logra con la mejora de procesos mediante el uso de diversas herramientas, filosofías y metodologías de la ingeniería disponibles de manera abierta. La falta de productividad trae como consecuencia pérdidas que repercuten en altos costos, escasos ingresos y, por ende, pocas o nulas utilidades. Existen técnicas que pueden ser empleadas por micro y pequeñas empresas para aprovechar mejor los recursos con los que se cuenta. Por eso, en este trabajo se propone el uso de herramientas de manufactura esbelta o lean manufacturing tales como 5’S, diagrama de spaghetti, tableros kanban, entre otras, para optimizar los procesos en un laboratorio de mecánica de suelos, donde se analiza la calidad de diversos materiales utilizados en la construcción. Durante la implementación de las herramientas se realizó la redistribución de elementos de trabajo y se mejoró el control de los procesos. Como resultado se obtuvo una reducción del 44.88 % en los movimientos requeridos por el personal para ejecutar diversas actividades y se liberó el 32.37 % del área de trabajo que se encontraba desaprovechada, lo que permitió realizar trabajos de forma paralela, mejor el flujo laboral y disminuir la cantidad de muestras en espera. Al implementar tableros kanban se consiguió un control y organización que facilitan el seguimiento de los procesos por parte del jefe de laboratorio y el personal, lo que sirve para realizar las actividades de forma ordenada.

Abstract Currently, productivity is an essential tool in organizations, this is achieved with the improvement of processes through the use of various tools, philosophies and engineering methodologies available in an open manner. The lack of productivity results in losses that have an impact on high costs and low income and therefore few or no profits. There are techniques that can be used by small and micro enterprises (SMES) to make better use of available resources. This paper proposes the use of Lean Manufacturing tools such as 5'S, spaghetti diagram, Kanban boards among others to optimize processes in a soil mechanics laboratory, where the quality of various materials used in construction is analyzed. During the implementation of the tools, work items were redistributed, and control processes was improved. As a result, a 44.88% reduction was obtained in the movements required by the personnel to carry out various activities, 32.37% of the work area that was wasted was released, which allowed execute activities in parallel, improving the workflow and reduced waiting. By implementing Kanban boards, control and organization was achieved, making easier the management of the laboratory staff to follow up on the processes, carrying out the activities in an orderly manner.

Resumo Atualmente, a produtividade é uma ferramenta essencial nas organizações, que é alcançada com a melhoria de processos através da utilização de diversas ferramentas, filosofias e metodologias de engenharia disponíveis abertamente. A falta de produtividade resulta em perdas que resultam em custos elevados, baixos rendimentos e, portanto, pouco ou nenhum lucro. Existem técnicas que podem ser utilizadas pelas micro e pequenas empresas para aproveitar melhor os recursos de que dispõem. Portanto, este trabalho propõe a utilização de ferramentas de manufatura enxuta como 5'S, diagrama espaguete, quadros kanban, entre outras, para otimizar processos em um laboratório de mecânica de solos, onde se avalia a qualidade de diversos materiais utilizados na construção civil. Durante a implementação das ferramentas, foi realizada a redistribuição dos elementos de trabalho e melhorado o controle dos processos. Como resultado, obteve-se uma redução de 44,88% nos movimentos exigidos pelo pessoal para a realização de diversas atividades e foi liberada 32,37% da área de trabalho desperdiçada, o que permitiu a realização de trabalhos em paralelo, melhorando o fluxo de trabalho e reduzindo o número de amostras em espera. Com a implementação de quadros kanban, foram alcançados controles e organização que facilitam o monitoramento dos processos pelo gestor e equipe do laboratório, o que auxilia na realização das atividades de forma ordenada.

Resumen: El remimazolam es una nueva benzodiacepina que combina las propiedades farmacológicas de dos agentes utilizados en la anestesia: el efecto hipnótico del midazolam y el metabolismo del remifentanilo. El remimazolam se hidroliza por esterasas tisulares inespecíficas a metabolitos inactivos, permitiendo una alta depuración y recuperación rápida. Por sus propiedades farmacológicas, se ha propuesto su uso como un agente de acción ultracorta en procedimientos de sedación fuera de quirófano, inducción, mantenimiento de la anestesia y de sedación en la unidad de terapia intensiva. El perfil de seguridad del remimazolam es amplio, ya que sus efectos hemodinámicos y cardiorrespiratorios son menos marcados que otros fármacos empleados en dichos procedimientos. Como otras benzodiacepinas, los efectos del remimazolam pueden ser revertidos con flumazenil. Hasta el momento, el remimazolam ha demostrado ser un agente hipnótico eficaz; sin embargo, se requiere mayor investigación para establecer su utilidad clínica.

Abstract: Remimazolam is a new benzodiacepine that combines the pharmacological properties of two agents used in anesthesia: the hypnotic effect of midazolam and the metabolism of remifentanyl. Remimazolam is hydrolized by nonspecific tissue esterases into inactive metabolytes, allowing high clearance and fast recovery. Due to its pharmacological characteristics, it has been proposed as an ultra- short acting agent for sedation out operating room, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as for sedation in the Intensive Care Unit. Remimazolam has an elevated safety profile, as it might that, it has less pronounced hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory effects in contrast to other drugs used in the same procedures. Like other benzodiacepines, remimazolam effects can be reversed with flumazenil. Remimazolam has proven to be an effective hypnotic agent, however further research and clinical evaluation is required to establish its use.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colombia has been subject to intense genetic and cultural currents due to its geographical location. Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases found worldwide and represent an important public health problem, according to the region and ancestry of each country. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of hemoglobin variants according to the geographical region in a population group adjusted to sex and age in Colombia. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of hemoglobin variants performed by electrophoresis in patients treated at and/or referred to specialized care institutions in Bogota, Colombia between January 2009 and December 2020. Results: A total of 2,224 results were analyzed, 48.4% male and 51.5% female; 63.3% of patients were without alterations, 14.3% presented with thalassemia, 17.3%, HbS, 2.3%, HbS/C, 1.8%, HbC, 0.5%, HbE and 0.5% persistent HbF, with HbS being more prevalent in males (p = 0.005). When assessing the geographical regions of Colombia, a higher prevalence of HbS was found in the Pacific (p = 0.005) and Caribbean regions, while Thalassemia and HbS were more prevalent in the Andean and Orinoquia regions, and it was rare to find any hemoglobinopathies (p = 0.0001) in the Amazonian region. Conclusions: The main hemoglobinopathies found in Colombia are HbS, predominantly in males, and Thalassemia. The distribution of hemoglobinopathies in different geographical regions of Colombia is influenced by ancestry.

Resumen El acoso y el hostigamiento sexual, como expresiones de violencia de género en el ámbito de la educación superior son problemas muy acuciantes tal como los han exhibido los movimientos de protesta que se han suscitado en las Instituciones de Educación Superior. Este trabajo, tiene como objetivo analizar las narraciones de mujeres universitarias que experimentaron hostigamiento y/o acoso sexual dentro de las Instituciones de Educación Superior de los municipios de Tampico y Ciudad Madero del estado de Tamaulipas. El propósito era conocer las experiencias y su manera de afrontar estas formas de violencia de género, empleando para ello la investigación cualitativa, así como un diseño fenomenológico. La técnica que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue la entrevista semiestructurada. La selección de las informantes se basó el muestreo intencional y el número de casos examinados se guío por el criterio de saturación siendo trece el número total de participantes. El análisis de las entrevistas permite apreciar que los actos de hostigamiento y acoso sexual provocan en las mujeres diversas emociones que pueden arrojar luz sobre el problema de la violencia desde la perspectiva de las víctimas, en lugar de considerar únicamente sus propias explicaciones, que con frecuencia son racionalizadas o coherentes con los significados socialmente legitimados. En suma, el estudio de las emociones permite concluir que las mujeres dentro del contexto universitario padecen un malestar psicofísico que no les permite vivir una vida universitaria plena.

Abstract Stalking and sexual harassment, as expressions of gender violence in the field of higher education, are very pressing problems as they have been exhibited by the protest movements that have arisen in Higher Education Institutions. The objective of this work is to analyze the narratives of university women who experienced stalking and/or sexual harassment in Higher Education Institutions in the municipalities of Tampico and Ciudad Madero in the state of Tamaulipas. The purpose was to learn about their experiences and their way of dealing with these forms of gender violence, using qualitative research and a phenomenological design. The technique used for data collection was the semi-structured interview. The selection of the informants was based on intentional sampling and the number of cases examined was guided by the saturation criterion, the total number of participants being thirteen. The analysis of the interviews shows that acts of stalking and sexual harassment provoke various emotions in women that can shed light on the problem of violence from the perspective of the victims, instead of considering only their own explanations, which are often rationalized or consistent with socially legitimized meanings. In sum, the study of emotions allows us to conclude that women within the university context suffer from a psychophysical discomfort that does not allow them to live a full university life.

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar la rentabilidad del proyecto de instalación de techos verdes extensivos en viviendas ubicadas en un clima tropical húmedo, considerando el efecto de diversos parámetros sobre la relación beneficio costo y el periodo de recuperación de la inversión. Los beneficios ambientales se estimaron a partir del análisis de ciclo de vida, mientras que el análisis de costos unitarios permitió determinar el efecto de la disponibilidad de materiales sobre los costos de instalación. El análisis monetizó dos beneficios ambientales: el ahorro de energía eléctrica y la captura de carbono, a partir del valor presente neto de los costos de instalación, mantenimiento, desmantelamiento y disposición final. Se determinó que la relación beneficio-costo varía entre 1.1 y 3.8 con periodos de recuperación de 3.4 a 8.9 años, en función de la disponibilidad de materiales, los indicadores económicos, las acciones de mantenimiento y la recompensa potencial con bonos de carbono al propietario.

Abstract: The objective was to analyze the profitability of the project for the installation of extensive green roofs on houses located in a humid tropical climate, considering the effect of various parameters on the benefit-cost ratio and the payback period of the investment. The environmental benefits were estimated from the life cycle analysis, while the unit cost analysis allowed determining the effect of material availability on installation costs. The analysis monetized two environmental benefits: electricity savings and carbon sequestration, based on the net present value of installation, maintenance, dismantling and disposal costs. The benefit-cost ratio was found to range from 1.1 to 3.8 with payback periods of 3.4 to 8.9 years, depending on the availability of materials, economic indicators, maintenance actions and the potential reward with carbon credits to the owner.

Resumen La producción intensiva de vegetales ha provocado dependencia excesiva de la fertilización química, lo cual ha generado problemas ambientales y de inocuidad de los alimentos. Una opción para reducir la cantidad de fertilizantes sintéticos es el manejo de nutrientes mediante inoculaciones microbianas. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dos bioestimulantes a base de Trichoderma spp. y uno de Bacillus spp. en el diámetro, longitud y peso de frutos de chile morrón y jitomate en condiciones de macrotúnel. Los tratamientos fueron: Genifix®, T22®, Mix® y testigo. Se utilizó un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se utilizaron tres cortes de frutos por cultivo. Las variables de respuesta fueron: peso, diámetro y longitud de fruto, además del peso de 20 frutos elegidos al azar. Los frutos obtenidos con el tratamiento Genifix fueron de mayor tamaño y peso, con diferencias significativas al resto de los tratamientos. El T22 y Mix mostraron un efecto significativo con frutos más grandes y pesados en comparación a frutos testigo en la mayoría de los cortes. Los bioestimulantes evaluados mejoraron el tamaño y peso de frutos de chile morrón y jitomate en plantas con un manejo mínimo tradicional de fertilización en condiciones de macrotúnel.

Abstract The intensive production of vegetables has caused excessive dependence on chemical fertilization, which has generated environmental and food safety problems. An option to reduce the amount of synthetic fertilizers is the management of nutrients through microbial inoculations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two biostimulants based on Trichoderma spp. and one from Bacillus spp., on the diameter, length and weight of bell pepper and tomato fruits under macrotunnel conditions. The treatments were: Genifix®, T22®, Mix® and control (blank). A completely randomized block design with four repetitions was used. Three harvests were made per crop. The response variables were: weight, diameter and fruit length, in addition to the weight of 20 fruits chosen at random. The fruits obtained with the Genifix treatment were larger and heavier, with significant differences from the rest of the treatments. The T22 and Mix also showed a significant effect on the development of larger and heavier fruits in relation to the control in most harvests. The evaluated biostimulants improved the size and weight of bell pepper and tomato fruits in plants with minimal traditional fertilization management under macrotunnel conditions.

Resumen De acuerdo con la FAO, aproximadamente un tercio de la producción mundial de alimentos se pierde o desperdicia. Estos desperdicios reducen la disponibilidad de alimentos para la población, incrementan sus precios y generan problemas de contaminación ambiental. Un problema común en los países en desarrollo es la escasez de datos acerca de la cantidad, causas y usos de las pérdidas de alimentos. En este trabajo se realizó la cuantificación, por etapas de siembra, de las pérdidas de melón cantaloupe, sus causas y usos en los eslabones de producción, empaque y transportación en una región del norte-centro de México conocida como la Comarca Lagunera. Esta región es la mayor productora de melón cantaloupe de México con una superficie de más de 4 565 ha y una producción de 165 663 t. Se aplicó, de manera presencial, un cuestionario estructurado a una muestra estadística de 47 productores y ocho empacadores. Se encontró que las pérdidas, tanto en producción como en los empaques, varían de acuerdo con la etapa de siembra, con mayores pérdidas en las siembras tardías, seguido por las tempranas e intermedias. Las principales causas de las pérdidas son el tamaño de fruto inadecuado (pequeño o muy grande), deforme, excesiva madurez, manchado y con rajaduras. El producto que se desperdicia en la huerta es destinado a la alimentación de animales domésticos o como abono a la tierra; mientras que el que se desecha en los empaques se revende a pequeños intermediarios locales para su comercialización y para la alimentación de animales domésticos.

Abstract According to FAO, about one-third of global food production is lost or wasted. This waste reduces the availability of foods for the population, increases their prices and generates problems of environmental pollution. A common problem in developing countries is the scarcity of data on the quantity, causes and uses of food losses. In this work, the quantification, by sowing stages, of the losses of cantaloupe melon, their causes and uses in the links of production, packaging and transportation in a region of North-Central Mexico known as the Comarca Lagunera was carried out. This region is the largest producer of cantaloupe melon in Mexico, with an area of more than 4 565 ha and a production of 165 663 t. A structured questionnaire was applied in person to a statistical sample of 47 producers and eight packers. It was found that losses, both in production and packaging, vary according to the sowing stage, with greater losses in late sowings, followed by early and intermediate sowings. The main causes of losses are inadequate fruit size (small or very large), deformed, overripe, spotted and cracked. The product that is wasted in the orchard is destined to feed domestic animals or as fertilizer to the land; while the one that is discarded in the packaging centers is resold to small local intermediaries for commercialization and for the feeding of domestic animals.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las farmacodermias graves se asocian con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. La insuficiencia renal crónica relacionada con diálisis es uno de los principales factores asociados con mortalidad. Reporte de caso: Paciente pediátrico masculino de 2 años, con antecedente de insuficiencia renal crónica (en tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal) y síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut, que ingresó al hospital por peritonitis aguda y evolucion a síndrome de Stevens-Johnson-necrólisis epidérmica tóxica, debido a la administración de fenitoína. Recibió tratamiento con inmunoglobulina y corticosteroide sistémico sin mejoría; se agregó choque séptico y posteriormente falleció. Conclusiones: La escala ABCD-10 versus SCORTEN es más efectiva para predecir la mortalidad por antecedente de diálisis. En niños con farmacodermias graves no existen escalas predictoras de mortalidad validadas. Las futuras iniciativas deben buscar factores de riesgo de mortalidad en niños con farmacodermias graves para la creación de una escala predictora de mortalidad.

Abstract Background: The severe pharmacodermias (SF) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney failure (CKD) related with dialysis is one of the main factors associated with higher mortality. ABCD-10 is a predictive mortality scale that includes the history of dialysis. Case report: Male 2 years old with a history of CKD on peritoneal dialysis and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, admitted to the hospital due to acute peritonitis and developed SJS-NET secondary to phenytoin administration. He was treated with immunoglobulin and systemic steroid without improvement. Septic shock was added, presenting a fatal outcome. Conclusions: In the case presented, the ABCD-10 scale was applied, reporting a greater prediction of mortality compared to SCORTEN due to a history of dialysis. In children with SF there are no validated predictive mortality. Future initiatives should search for risk factors for mortality in children who develop SF for the creation of a predictive mortality scale.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e os diferentes fenótipos de crianças com síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica na criança temporalmente relacionada com a COVID-19 (do inglês multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children — MIS-C) e avaliar as condições de risco que favorecem a maior gravidade da doença durante um período de 12 meses em um hospital pediátrico de referência na Colômbia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 12 meses de observação de crianças menores de 18 anos que cumprem os critérios para o MIS-C. Resultados: Vinte e oito crianças foram apresentadas com os critérios do MIS-C. A idade média era de sete anos, e 54% eram do sexo masculino. Para além da febre (100%) (com início quatro dias antes da admissão), as características clínicas mais frequentes eram gastrointestinais (86%) e mucocutâneas (61%). Quatorze crianças (50%) apresentavam sintomas semelhantes aos de Kawasaki. As anomalias ecocardiográficas mais frequentes foram derrame pericárdico (64%), envolvimento valvar (68%), disfunção ventricular (39%) e anomalias coronárias (29%). Tinham linfopenia 75% das crianças. Todas tinham algum teste de coagulação anormal. A maioria recebeu imunoglobulina intravenosa (89%), glucocorticoides (82%), vasopressores (54%) e antibióticos (64%). Tiveram envolvimento mais grave 61% dos pacientes, que precisaram ser internados em unidade de terapia intensiva (mediana de quatro dias, média de seis dias); os preditores de gravidade foram pacientes com fenótipo inflamatório/ MIS-C (odds ratio — OR 26,5; intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,4–503,7; p=0,029) e erupção cutânea (OR 14,7; IC95% 1,2–178,7; p=0,034). Dois pacientes (7%) apresentavam síndrome de ativação macrofágica. Conclusões: Alteração da artéria coronária, disfunção ventricular e internação na unidade de terapia intensiva foram frequentes, o que nos alerta sobre a importância da suspeita clínica precoce.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and the different phenotypes of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk conditions that favored a greater severity of the disease during a 12-month period at a pediatric reference hospital in Colombia. Methods: A 12-month retrospective observational study of children under the age of 18 years who met criteria for MIS-C. Results: A total of 28 children presented MIS-C criteria. The median age was 7 years. Other than fever (100%) (onset 4 days prior to admission), the most frequent clinical features were gastrointestinal (86%) and mucocutaneous (61%). Notably, 14 (50%) children had Kawasaki-like symptoms. The most frequent echocardiographic abnormalities were pericardial effusion (64%), valvular involvement (68%), ventricular dysfunction (39%), and coronary artery abnormalities (29%). In addition, 75% had lymphopenia. All had at least one abnormal coagulation test. Most received intravenous immunoglobulin (89%), glucocorticoids (82%), vasopressors (54%), and antibiotics (64%). Notably, 61% had a more severe form of the disease and were admitted to an intensive care unit (median 4 days, mean 6 days); the severity predictors were patients with the inflammatory/MIS-C phenotype (OR 26.5; 95%CI 1.40–503.7; p=0.029) and rash (OR 14.7; 95%CI 1.2–178.7; p=0.034). Two patients had macrophage activation syndrome. Conclusions: Coronary artery abnormalities, ventricular dysfunction, and intensive care unit admission were frequent, which needs to highlight the importance of early clinical suspicion.

Abstract In this study, a quantitative analysis of 786 publications produced over a year at the University of the Americas Puebla was carried out. The study is focused on the management of external communication and the strategies adopted in response to the unexpected emergence of SARS-CoV.-2 (COVID-19). The variables under analysis covered the presence, response, generation, suggestion and typology of the publications. The results reveal that the circumstances triggered by the pandemic led to a significant increase in the number of followers of the educational institution, suggesting a greater need to establish effective communication with the educational community in times of crisis. The prevailing need to develop a comprehensive communication strategy is concluded, emphasizing the adaptation of specific visual elements for each audience segment, the strategic incorporation of hashtags and other essential components to maximize the impact and resonance of the publications. This study provides a basis for the planning and execution of more effective communication strategies in university environments, especially in crisis situations, with the objective of maintaining a strong and meaningful connection with the educational community and other key stakeholders.

Resumen En este estudio se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de 786 publicaciones producidas a lo largo de un año en la Universidad de las Américas Puebla, centrándose en la gestión de la comunicación externa y las estrategias adoptadas en respuesta a la inesperada irrupción del SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Las variables objeto de análisis abarcaron la presencia, respuesta, generación, sugerencia y tipología de las publicaciones. Los resultados revelan que las circunstancias desencadenadas por la pandemia condujeron a un aumento significativo en el número de seguidores de la institución educativa, sugiriendo una mayor necesidad de establecer una comunicación efectiva con la comunidad educativa en momentos de crisis. Se concluye la necesidad imperante de desarrollar una estrategia de comunicación integral, haciendo hincapié en la adaptación de elementos visuales específicos para cada segmento de la audiencia, la incorporación estratégica de hashtags y otros componentes esenciales para maximizar el impacto y la resonancia de las publicaciones. Este estudio proporciona una base para la planificación y ejecución de estrategias de comunicación más efectivas en entornos universitarios, especialmente en situaciones de crisis, con el objetivo de mantener una conexión sólida y significativa con la comunidad educativa y otros stakeholders clave.

Abstract The well-being of trans women has been affected by stigma and discrimination, and great gaps in health, employment and educational opportunities and the absence of social support. The role of health professionals plays an important role in the well-being and health of trans women, therefore, the objective is to recognize the meaning that health professionals have on the well-being of trans women. Method: Qualitative research, narrative design. Eight health professionals (medicine, psychology, and nursing assistant) with experience in community care participated in an in-depth interview. In conclusion, the health professionals recognize that the well-being of trans women is affected by multiple sociocultural and economic factors related to mental health, discrimination to which they are still exposed, internalized transphobia, and the lack of family and social support. Concrete actions are required from health, higher education, and governmental entities capable of favoring affirmative processes for trans women and promoting in healthcare processes the sensitivity and commitment to their human development based on the protection of their rights.

Resumen El bienestar de las mujeres trans se ha visto afectado por el estigma, la discriminación, las altas brechas en salud, la falta de oportunidades laborales y educativas, además de la ausencia de apoyo social. Los profesionales de la salud juegan un papel importante dentro del bienestar y la salud de las mujeres trans, por tanto, en este estudio se planteó como objetivo reconocer el significado que tienen los profesionales de la salud sobre el bienestar en mujeres trans. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, diseño narrativo, en la cual participaron ocho profesionales de la salud (medicina, psicología y auxiliar de enfermería) con experiencia en atención a la comunidad, con quienes se realizó una entrevista en profundidad. Estos profesionales reconocen que el bienestar de las mujeres trans se ve afectado por múltiples factores socioculturales, económicos, relacionados con la salud mental, la discriminación a las que siguen expuestas, la transfobia internalizada y el poco apoyo familiar y social. Se requieren acciones concretas desde las entidades de salud, de educación superior y gubernamentales, que favorezcan procesos afirmativos de las mujeres trans, y la promoción en los procesos de atención en salud de la sensibilidad y compromiso con el desarrollo humano de estas mujeres a partir de la protección de sus derechos.

Abstract Agricultural wastes are an environmental and economic problem that countries must strive to solve as soon as possible. White-rot fungi can take advantage of these wastes through an efficient process involving the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, this work has used pine needles (Pinus pseudostrobus) and nutshells (Carya illinoinensis), relevant wastes in Mexico, as substrates for growing three fungal strains (Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus) on PDA plates supplemented with these materials. Besides, the capacity to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes by these three fungi through solid-state fermentation has been evaluated using pine needles and nutshells along with barley straw. The relevant results suggest that nutshells are a potential substrate for growing G. lucidum (mycelial growth rate of 0.758 cm d-1). Albeit pine needles waste has allowed G. lucidum growth (0.402 cm d-1), L. edodes and P. ostreatus growth on PDA supplemented plates were not observed. Further to this, nutshells or pine needles combined with barley straw were used as substrates through solid-state fermentation to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, and laccase). G. lucidum presented the highest cellulase productivity (3.03 ± 0.34 IU/gdm·d) using nutshells and barley straw (BS_NS) as substrates, while it was half using pine needles and barley straw (BS_PN) (1.35 ± 0.20 IU/gdm·d). The results were similar for xylanase productivity because G. lucidum produced 4.80 ± 0.61 IU/gdm·d using BS_PN, slightly higher than the BS_NS (3.79 ± 0.29 IU/gdm·). Finally, nutshells might be a suitable substrate for the growth of white-rot fungi, mainly the G. lucidum strain, making it an ecological alternative for future biotechnological applications.

Resumen El bienestar de las mujeres trans se ha visto afectado por el estigma, la discriminación, las altas brechas en salud, la falta de oportunidades laborales y educativas, además de la ausencia de apoyo social. Los profesionales de la salud juegan un papel importante dentro del bienestar y la salud de las mujeres trans, por tanto, en este estudio se planteó como objetivo reconocer el significado que tienen los profesionales de la salud sobre el bienestar en mujeres trans. Esta es una investigación cualitativa, diseño narrativo, en la cual participaron ocho profesionales de la salud (medicina, psicología y auxiliar de enfermería) con experiencia en atención a la comunidad, con quienes se realizó una entrevista en profundidad. Estos profesionales reconocen que el bienestar de las mujeres trans se ve afectado por múltiples factores socioculturales, económicos, relacionados con la salud mental, la discriminación a las que siguen expuestas, la transfobia internalizada y el poco apoyo familiar y social. Se requieren acciones concretas desde las entidades de salud, de educación superior y gubernamentales, que favorezcan procesos afirmativos de las mujeres trans, y la promoción en los procesos de atención en salud de la sensibilidad y compromiso con el desarrollo humano de estas mujeres a partir de la protección de sus derechos.

Abstract The well-being of trans women has been affected by stigma and discrimination, and great gaps in health, employment and educational opportunities and the absence of social support. The role of health professionals plays an important role in the well-being and health of trans women, therefore, the objective is to recognize the meaning that health professionals have on the well-being of trans women. Method: Qualitative research, narrative design. Eight health professionals (medicine, psychology, and nursing assistant) with experience in community care participated in an in-depth interview. In conclusion, the health professionals recognize that the well-being of trans women is affected by multiple sociocultural and economic factors related to mental health, discrimination to which they are still exposed, internalized transphobia, and the lack of family and social support. Concrete actions are required from health, higher education, and governmental entities capable of favoring affirmative processes for trans women and promoting in healthcare processes the sensitivity and commitment to their human development based on the protection of their rights.

Resumo O currículo de Matemática do Ensino Secundário estabelece que a tecnologia, além de fornecer informação e comunicação, deve favorecer aprendizagens chave; no entanto, por diferentes razões, seu alcance na sala de aula é limitado. O presente estudo analisa 189 tarefas matemáticas propostas em oito livros didáticos que utilizam tecnologia; as tarefas foram classificadas de acordo com o aprendizado previsto em uma das três dimensões tecnológicas (informática, técnica ou didática) por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram diferenças entre os livros que seguem os modelos SEP 2011 e SEP 2017, bem como entre os eixos temáticos, mas há uma tendência favorável à promoção do uso racional da tecnologia em sala de aula. Por outro lado, também foram identificadas dificuldades que poderiam servir de guia para professores, editores ou autoridades na hora de implementar, editar e escolher livros didáticos, respectivamente.

Abstract The mathematics curriculum for lower secondary education stipulates that technology should not only provide a means of information and communication but also support key learning. However, for various reasons, the scope of technology in classrooms is limited. This research examines 189 mathematics tasks from eight textbooks, each using technology. The tasks were classified based on expected learning in one of three technological dimensions (informational, technical or didactic) by means of content analysis. The results show differences both between textbooks following the SEP 2011 and SEP 2017 models and between content areas. There is, however, a positive trend toward promoting a well-reasoned use of technology in the classroom. Conversely, the study also identified difficulties that may serve as guidelines for teachers, publishers, and authorities in using, publishing, and selecting textbooks, respectively.

Resumen El currículum de Matemáticas de secundaria establece que la tecnología, además de proveer información y comunicación, debe favorecer aprendizajes clave; sin embargo, por diferentes motivos su alcance en las aulas es limitado. El presente estudio analiza 189 tareas de matemáticas propuestas en ocho libros de texto que usan tecnología; las tareas fueron clasificadas según el aprendizaje previsto en una de las tres dimensiones tecnológicas (informática, técnica o didáctica) mediante el análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran diferencias tanto entre los libros que atienden los modelos SEP 2011 y SEP 2017 como entre los ejes temáticos, pero hay una tendencia favorable a promover un uso razonado de la tecnología en las aulas. Por otro lado, se identificaron también dificultades que podrían servir de guía a profesores, editoriales o autoridades al implementar, editar y elegir libros de texto, respectivamente.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors that influence the job adaptation of hospital nursing, during the transition period of graduates as a health workforce in their new stage. Method An exploratory, cross-sectional study, involving 100 graduate nurses as a workforce of hospital units. The collection was carried out with a questionnaire on the web platform in the period November 2020 - August 2021. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. Results There was a predominance of women, single, aged between 23 and 32, licensed and operational, working between 19 months and 2 years. Regarding the factors, three most influential were identified, corresponding to: Autonomy; Psychological; Staff. Conclusions and implications for practice The adaptation of nursing staff in the hospital presents difficulties in the transition period; the internal factors of the professional, whether acquired through practices or developed during life, and the training of employers have influence. For improvement, it would be essential that the induction protocols guarantee the adaptation of the novice and that the employee training programs evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing staff in the hospital, until the achievement of the adaptation of nursing to the hospital.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores que influyen en la adaptación laboral de enfermería en hospital, durante el período de transición de graduados como fuerza laboral en salud en su nueva etapa. Método Estudio exploratorio, transversal, participaron 100 enfermeras/os graduados como fuerza de trabajo de unidades hospitalarias. La recolección se realizó con un cuestionario en plataforma web en el período noviembre 2020 – agosto 2021. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados Se encontró predominancia de mujeres, solteras, de edades entre 23 y 32, licenciadas y operativas, trabajando entre 19 meses a 2 años. Respecto a los factores, se identificaron tres más influyentes, correspondientes a: Autonomía; Psicológico; Personal. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica La adaptación del personal de enfermería en hospital se presenta con dificultades en el período de transición, los factores internos del profesional ya sean adquiridos mediante las prácticas como desarrollados durante la vida, y la formación de los empleadores influyen. Para la mejora, sería fundamental que los protocolos de inducción garantizarán la adaptación del novato y los programas de formación de empleados evalúen la efectividad del personal de enfermería en el hospital, hasta el logro de la adaptación de enfermería al hospital.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores que influenciam a adaptação ao trabalho da enfermagem hospitalar durante o período de transição dos egressos como força de trabalho em saúde em sua nova etapa. Método Estudo exploratório, transversal, que envolveu 100 enfermeiros graduados como força de trabalho de unidades hospitalares. A coleta foi realizada com um questionário na plataforma web no período de novembro de 2020 a agosto de 2021. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados Houve predomínio de mulheres, solteiras, com idade entre 23 e 32 anos, licenciadas e operacionais, trabalhando entre 19 meses e 2 anos. Em relação aos fatores, foram identificados três mais influentes: Autonomia; Psicológico; Funcionários. Conclusões e implicações para a prática A adaptação da equipe de enfermagem no hospital apresenta dificuldades no período de transição; os fatores internos do profissional, sejam adquiridos por meio de práticas ou desenvolvidos ao longo da vida, e a formação dos empregadores influenciam. Para melhoria, seria fundamental que os protocolos de indução garantissem a adaptação do novato e que os programas de treinamento de funcionários avaliassem a efetividade da equipe de enfermagem no hospital, até a realização da adaptação da enfermagem ao hospital.